Standards
MGSE9-12.A.REI.10 Understand that the graph of an equation in two variables is the set of all its solutions plotted in the coordinate plane.
MGSE9-12.A.REI.11 Using graphs, tables, or successive approximations, show that the solution to the equation f(x) = g(x) is the x-value where the y-values of f(x) and g(x) are the same.
MGSE9-12.F.IF.1 Understand that a function from one set (the input, called the domain) to another set (the output, called the range) assigns to each element of the domain exactly one element of the range, i.e. each input value maps to exactly one output value. If f is a function, x is the input (an element of its domain), and f(x) is the output (an element of the range). Graphically, the graph is y = f(x).
MGSE9-12.F.IF.2 Use function notation, evaluate functions for inputs in their domains, and interpret statements that use function notation in terms of a context.
MGSE9-12.F.IF.3 Recognize that sequences are functions, sometimes defined recursively, whose domain is a subset of the integers. (Generally, the scope of high school math defines this subset as the set of natural numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, …) By graphing or calculating terms, students should be able to show how the recursive sequence a1 = 7, an = an – 1 + 2; the sequence sn = 2(n – 1) + 7; and the function f(x) = 2x + 5 (when x is a natural number) all define the same sequence.
MGSE9-12.F.IF.4 Using tables, graphs, and verbal descriptions, interpret the key characteristics of a function which models the relationship between two quantities. Sketch a graph showing key features including: intercepts; intervals where the function is increasing, decreasing, positive, or negative;
MGSE9-12.F.IF.5 Relate the domain of a function to its graph and, where applicable, to the quantitative relationship it describes. For example, if the function h(n) gives the number of person-hours it takes to assemble n engines in a factory, then the positive integers would be an appropriate domain for the function.
MGSE9-12.F.IF.6 Calculate and interpret the average rate of change of a function (presented symbolically or as a table) over a specified interval. Estimate the rate of change from a graph.
MGSE9-12.F.IF.7 Graph functions expressed symbolically and show key features of the graph, by hand in simple cases and using technology.
MGSE9-12.F.IF.7a Graph linear and quadratic functions and show intercepts, maxima, and minima (as determined by the function or by context).
MGSE9-12.F.IF.7e Graph exponential functions, showing intercepts and end behavior.
MGSE9-12.F.IF.9 Compare properties of two functions each represented in a different way (algebraically, graphically, numerically in tables, or by verbal descriptions). For example, given a graph of one function and an algebraic expression for another, say which has the larger maximum. Build a function that models a relationship
MGSE9-12.F.BF.1 Write a function that describes a relationship between two quantities.
MGSE9-12.F.BF.1a Determine an explicit expression and the recursive process (steps for calculation) from context.
MGSE9-12.F.BF.2 Write arithmetic and geometric sequences recursively and explicitly, use them to model situations, and translate between the two forms. Connect arithmetic sequences to linear functions and geometric sequences to exponential
functions.
MGSE9-12.F.BF.3 Identify the effect on the graph of replacing f(x) by f(x) + k, k f(x), f(kx), and f(x + k) for specific values of k (both positive and negative); find the value of k given the graphs. Experiment with cases and illustrate an
explanation of the effects on the graph using technology.
MGSE9-12.F.LE.1 Distinguish between situations that can be modeled with linear functions and with exponential functions.
MGSE9-12.F.LE.1a Show that linear functions grow by equal differences over equal intervals and that exponential functions
grow by equal factors over equal intervals. (This can be shown by algebraic proof, with a table showing differences, or by
calculating average rates of change over equal intervals).
MGSE9-12.F.LE.1b Recognize situations in which one quantity changes at a constant rate per unit interval relative to another.
MGSE9-12.F.LE.1c Recognize situations in which a quantity grows or decays by a constant percent rate per unit interval relative to another.
MGSE9-12.F.LE.2 Construct linear and exponential functions, including arithmetic and geometric sequences, given a graph, a description of a relationship, or two input-output pairs (include reading these from a table).
MGSE9-12.F.LE.3 Observe using graphs and tables that a quantity increasing exponentially eventually exceeds a quantity increasing linearly,
MGSE9-12.F.LE.5 Interpret the parameters in a linear (f(x) = mx + b) and exponential (f(x) = a⦁dx) function in terms of a context. (In the functions above, “m” and “b” are the parameters of the linear function, and “a” and “d” are the parameters of the exponential function.) In context, students should describe what these parameters mean in terms of change and starting value.
MGSE9-12.A.REI.11 Using graphs, tables, or successive approximations, show that the solution to the equation f(x) = g(x) is the x-value where the y-values of f(x) and g(x) are the same.
MGSE9-12.F.IF.1 Understand that a function from one set (the input, called the domain) to another set (the output, called the range) assigns to each element of the domain exactly one element of the range, i.e. each input value maps to exactly one output value. If f is a function, x is the input (an element of its domain), and f(x) is the output (an element of the range). Graphically, the graph is y = f(x).
MGSE9-12.F.IF.2 Use function notation, evaluate functions for inputs in their domains, and interpret statements that use function notation in terms of a context.
MGSE9-12.F.IF.3 Recognize that sequences are functions, sometimes defined recursively, whose domain is a subset of the integers. (Generally, the scope of high school math defines this subset as the set of natural numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, …) By graphing or calculating terms, students should be able to show how the recursive sequence a1 = 7, an = an – 1 + 2; the sequence sn = 2(n – 1) + 7; and the function f(x) = 2x + 5 (when x is a natural number) all define the same sequence.
MGSE9-12.F.IF.4 Using tables, graphs, and verbal descriptions, interpret the key characteristics of a function which models the relationship between two quantities. Sketch a graph showing key features including: intercepts; intervals where the function is increasing, decreasing, positive, or negative;
MGSE9-12.F.IF.5 Relate the domain of a function to its graph and, where applicable, to the quantitative relationship it describes. For example, if the function h(n) gives the number of person-hours it takes to assemble n engines in a factory, then the positive integers would be an appropriate domain for the function.
MGSE9-12.F.IF.6 Calculate and interpret the average rate of change of a function (presented symbolically or as a table) over a specified interval. Estimate the rate of change from a graph.
MGSE9-12.F.IF.7 Graph functions expressed symbolically and show key features of the graph, by hand in simple cases and using technology.
MGSE9-12.F.IF.7a Graph linear and quadratic functions and show intercepts, maxima, and minima (as determined by the function or by context).
MGSE9-12.F.IF.7e Graph exponential functions, showing intercepts and end behavior.
MGSE9-12.F.IF.9 Compare properties of two functions each represented in a different way (algebraically, graphically, numerically in tables, or by verbal descriptions). For example, given a graph of one function and an algebraic expression for another, say which has the larger maximum. Build a function that models a relationship
MGSE9-12.F.BF.1 Write a function that describes a relationship between two quantities.
MGSE9-12.F.BF.1a Determine an explicit expression and the recursive process (steps for calculation) from context.
MGSE9-12.F.BF.2 Write arithmetic and geometric sequences recursively and explicitly, use them to model situations, and translate between the two forms. Connect arithmetic sequences to linear functions and geometric sequences to exponential
functions.
MGSE9-12.F.BF.3 Identify the effect on the graph of replacing f(x) by f(x) + k, k f(x), f(kx), and f(x + k) for specific values of k (both positive and negative); find the value of k given the graphs. Experiment with cases and illustrate an
explanation of the effects on the graph using technology.
MGSE9-12.F.LE.1 Distinguish between situations that can be modeled with linear functions and with exponential functions.
MGSE9-12.F.LE.1a Show that linear functions grow by equal differences over equal intervals and that exponential functions
grow by equal factors over equal intervals. (This can be shown by algebraic proof, with a table showing differences, or by
calculating average rates of change over equal intervals).
MGSE9-12.F.LE.1b Recognize situations in which one quantity changes at a constant rate per unit interval relative to another.
MGSE9-12.F.LE.1c Recognize situations in which a quantity grows or decays by a constant percent rate per unit interval relative to another.
MGSE9-12.F.LE.2 Construct linear and exponential functions, including arithmetic and geometric sequences, given a graph, a description of a relationship, or two input-output pairs (include reading these from a table).
MGSE9-12.F.LE.3 Observe using graphs and tables that a quantity increasing exponentially eventually exceeds a quantity increasing linearly,
MGSE9-12.F.LE.5 Interpret the parameters in a linear (f(x) = mx + b) and exponential (f(x) = a⦁dx) function in terms of a context. (In the functions above, “m” and “b” are the parameters of the linear function, and “a” and “d” are the parameters of the exponential function.) In context, students should describe what these parameters mean in terms of change and starting value.